Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a member of actin proteins, which is increased in cancers such as breast cancer43,44, and matrix metalloproteinase2 (MMP2) that serves as a biomarker for epithelial–mesenchymal transitions45 were significantly increased in E59K-expressing cells compared to Vav1- or pcDNA3-expressing cells. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and cancer.