PTPN11 and hepatocellular carcinoma: A similar phenomenon was recently suggested when delineating the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where experiments in mouse tumor models revealed that removal of pro-tumorigenic genes such as MET, NF-κB, Stat3, Jnk, Shp2, and β-catenin paradoxically enhance HCC development under certain conditions.