Subsequently, our studies revealed that early in infection, before the efficient accumulation of N protein, newly synthesized MHV mRNAs 1 and 3 are susceptible to NMD and that inhibition of the NMD pathway by the depletion of NMD factors promoted the accumulation of viral mRNAs early in infection, leading to the production of higher titers of MHV (Fig. 7). Here, PLA1A is linked to infection.