Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a new paradigm in cancer treatment with durable tumor regression and prolonged stabilization of disease in patients with advanced cancers, including NSCLC.1, 2 The binding of programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) to its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a pivotal role in the ability of tumor cells to evade the host's immune system.3 The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.