GSTM1 and anemia: In 2007 FDA published a warning statement limiting the indication of ESAs only for the therapy of chemotherapy-induced anemia and discouraging their administration when the antineoplastic therapy is finished (Goldberg and Goldberg, 2008; Hagerty, 2008); FDA also indicated that ESAs should be used only when the antineoplastic treatment has a palliative intent and clarified there is not a upper range for target hemoglobin but that the objective of ESA therapy should be the lowest Hb value to avoid transfusion (Goldberg and Goldberg, 2008).