Such alerts were based on the results of several clinical trials that found that ESAs treatment in cancer patients was associated both with an inferior survival and worse cancer outcomes (Newland and Black, 2008; Bohlius et al., 2009; Pfeffer et al., 2009; Tsuboi et al., 2009): this has been correlated with an excess of thromboembolic events correlated with the levels of Hb reached (Tonia et al., 2012). The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is cancer.