As abovementioned, loss-of-function mutations in B2M gene lead to impaired MHC I molecules, and have been reported to be associated with acquired resistance to anti-PD therapies in melanoma, lung cancers and esophagogastric cancers (Zaretsky et al., 2016; Gettinger et al., 2017; Janjigian et al., 2017; Pereira et al., 2017). Here, B2M is linked to melanoma.