IFNγ functions as an important inducer of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells (Taube et al., 2012), and patients who have a better response to PD-L1 blockade also have increased IFNγ and IFNγ-inducible chemokines (Herbst et al., 2014; Powles et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.