Evidence from clinical trials suggests the positive correlation between high tumor mutational loads and improved clinical efficacy of ICB-based therapies (including anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4) in NSCLC and melanoma (Snyder et al., 2014; Rizvi et al., 2015; Van Allen et al., 2015; Hugo et al., 2016; Forde et al., 2018), which have the highest mutation burdens as well as response rates (Lee et al., 2010; Berger et al., 2012; Topalian et al., 2012). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.