The JET-STREAM study conducted in Japan also found that the early initiation of anemia treatment when Hb levels decreased below 11 g/dL could be more effective at reducing the risk of renal events in NDCKD patients with anemia compared with the initiation of ESA therapy at an Hb level of 9 g/dL or even 10 g/dL [4]. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).