Treatment with EGFR-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs, gefitinib and erlotinib6–9 or afatinib10,11 respectively, led to a dramatic clinical response and improvement of prognosis in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.