Similarly, PAX6 overexpression has been shown to promote pancreatic, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer tumorigenesis.9, 11, 12, 13, 14 A further complication to gene therapy for aniridia is that there are two isoforms of PAX6, which differ in their sequence and function.15 Here, PAX6 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.