Therefore, the aqueous extract of Phellinus igniarius (SH) may suppressing the plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-6 through two pathways, (1) decreasing the phosphorylation of IkBα thus preventing NFκB to initiate the expression of downstream inflammatory genes, (2) inhibiting the expression of ASC3 and caspase-1 to reduce the maturation of IL-1β and IL-6, which ultimately ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and colitis.