KDR and cancer: Sorafenib was originally developed as an anti-cancer drug aiming at growth suppression by inhibiting a multitude of different kinases, among which are VEGFR, PDGFR and Raf family kinases.[37] As shown in Fig 7B, 1μM Sorafenib significantly downregulated mRNA expression of Il-1 and 6, Cxcl1, S100a9 and Hif1α, but did not prevent the downregulation of Acta2, Cnn1 or Nr4a1 mRNA, and therefore did not prevent the VSMC phenotype switch.