Currently, the PPAR-α agonists, fibrates (e.g., gemfibrozil, Figure 1) are used to treat dyslipidemia, whereas the PPAR-γ agonists, thiazolidinediones (TZDs; e.g., rosiglitazone, Figure 1) are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.