Upregulation of HSP20 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells can inhibit cell proliferation via suppression of the AKT signaling pathway [42], inhibit TGFα-induced migration and invasion via suppression of the JNK signaling pathway [37], and stimulate the caspase cascade through direct association with Bax [41]; HSP20 upregulation also suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by downregulating TNFα-stimulated intracellular signaling [38]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma.