As shown in Fig. 1h and i, patients with ESCC can be divided into three different subgroups based on the infiltration of immune effectors (CD8+/Foxp3+ TILs) and immunosuppressive cells (CD33+ MDSC) in the TME, indicating the critical role of TME in judging prognosis. Here, CD33 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.