Our previous study has demonstrated that the majority of the resting T cells co-cultured with EC remain in a resting state throughout the course of infection [31].To similarly ensure that memory T cells were not activated after LEC stimulation, we measured the expression levels of activation markers (CD25, HLA-DR and CD69) in resting memory (and naïve) T cells after LEC stimulation. The gene discussed is CD69; the disease is infection.