The qPCR results showed that compared with the individual drug treatments, the oncogenic genes in glioma, such as CCND1, MKI67 and TOP2A, et al., were also significantly downregulated by the combined drug treatment (Fig. 5d), and tumor suppressor genes in glioma such as FOXO3, P21 and BNIP3, et al., were significantly upregulated by the combined drug treatment (Fig. 5e). Here, FOXO3 is linked to glioma.