T cells directed against pancreatic cancer cells by recognizing the patient's “private mutations” (private neoantigens) (39, 40) or against cancer-associated antigens, e.g., mesothelin (41, 42) and survivin (43), have been reported by various laboratories and demonstrate the possibility to successfully isolate and expand tumor-reactive T cells from pancreatic cancer specimens (39, 43, 44). This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and pancreatic neoplasm.