In ALS, G-CSF (Hedges'g, 0.552; 95% CI, 0.345-0.759; P < 0.001), IL-2 (Hedges'g, 0.317; 95% CI, 0.119-0.515; P = 0.002), IL-15 (Hedges'g, 0.4594; 95% CI, 0.032-0.886; P = 0.035), IL-17 (Hedges'g, 0.743; 95% CI, 0.494-0.993; P < 0.001), MCP-1 (Hedges'g, 0.593; 95% CI, 0.321-0.866; P < 0.001), MIP-1α (Hedges'g, 0.902; 95% CI, 0.096-1.707; P = 0.028), TNF-α (Hedges'g, 0.355; 95% CI, 0.039-0.672; P = 0.028) and VEGF (Hedges'g, 0.507; 95% CI,−0.001-1.014; P = 0.050) levels were significantly increased in the patients when compared with controls (Figures 4, 5 and 6, Table 1). Here, TNF is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.