As shown in Figure 3G, supernatants of monocytes from HD pre-treated with PGE2 contained significantly higher levels of Trx and TrxR, than untreated monocytes and, similarly to what observed in RA patients, HMGB1 was preserved in the reduced form when exposed to supernatant from PGE2 treated monocytes (Figure 3H). Here, HMGB1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.