Previous studies using conditional transgenic mice offer tantalizing parallels; while B cell-specific expression of constitutively active IKKβ (caIKKβ) promotes survival and proliferation even in the absence of B cell activating factor (BAFF) (111), restricted transgenic expression of caIKKβ renders murine T cells anergic and more susceptible to apoptosis, consistent with poor responses to bacterial infections (112). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and bacterial infectious disease.