For example, as protein kinase D1 (PKD-1) activator, LPA promotes angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling (Yoshida et al., 2003; Ren et al., 2011; Ren et al., 2016; Dong et al., 2017), which are closely associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Here, PKD1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.