PTGS2 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: Previous studies have shown that the inhibition of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress, including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2; Van Dijk et al., 2015; Willems et al., 2015), TNFα (Seguin et al., 2005; Li et al., 2016), interleukin (IL)-1β (Daniels et al., 2016), and reactive oxygen species (ROS; Suzuki et al., 2015) could relieve pain and prevent IDD.