ATXN7 and spinocerebellar ataxia 7: ATXN7 incorporates the expanded polyQ, a nuclear export signal (NES) and three NLS, in which the range of polyQ repeats is from 37 to 130 in SCA7 patients but from 7 to 35 in healthy individuals (David et al., 1998; Young et al., 2007) (Figure 1C).