ATM and Ataxia: Many of the canonical pathways that are responsible for DNA-repair, such as the repair via non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination, as well as signaling cascade of events, such as GADD45 (growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible 45), ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia) and UV-induced MAPK signaling pathways were detected to be important cellular events significantly covered by the ALS proteins.