Indeed, 20-day intranasal treatment with mini-GAGR reduced the protein levels of p-tau (p-Ser-202) as well as the number of Aβ peptide-stained neurons in the hippocampus of 12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice (Fig. 10) that develop AD hallmarks such as high levels of p-tau and Aβ peptides around 12 months of age (39). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.