CIZ1 and malignant colon neoplasm: Almost without exception colon cancer samples expressed elevated CIZ1-F compared to matched normal control tissue (P < 0.001, Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test; Figure 5(a); see Supplementary Figure 4 for individual sample data), and surprisingly the highest levels were in early stage tumors (P = 0.017 for early versus late stage, Mann-Whitney U-test).