In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial conductedin Kenya, South Africa and Zambia, human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-negative adults aged 18-50 years with latent Mtb infection (positiveby interferon-gamma release assay) were randomized (1:1) to receive twodoses of either M72/AS01E or placebo intramuscularly on days 0 and 30.Clinical suspicion of tuberculosis was confirmed from sputum using apolymerase chain reaction test and/or mycobacterial culture. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.