KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Mutations of KRAS, a member of the RAS family, are among the most common oncogene mutations in NSCLC patients, identified in up to 30% of NSCLC cases [2–5]; are most frequently activating point mutations at codons G12, G13, and Q61 [6]; occur most often in patients with adenocarcinoma, who are white, and who are current or former smokers [7–9]; and are mutually exclusive of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and ALK and ROS1 rearrangements [8, 10–12].