In humans, in addition to the role of G6PD in preventing hemolysis (erythrocyte lysis), the anti-oxidant property of G6PD may relate to development of a variety of other pathologies, including kidney injury, heart failure, psychiatric disorder, diabetes, cholelithiasis, and cataract44–52, suggesting that G6PD deficiency can be an underestimated risk factor for multiple human pathologies. The gene discussed is G6PD; the disease is diabetes mellitus.