Hence, our findings indicate that while IL-4/IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα on keratinocytes in BALB/c mice does not contribute to their nonhealing phenotype, it could contribute to parasite control or replication at the site of infection in the ear model during L. major LV39 infection but not during L. major IL-81 infection. The gene discussed is IL4R; the disease is infection.