For example, Shigdar and colleagues [52] chemically formulated a new small RNA fluorescent labelled aptamer (19 base DY-647) from a 40 base RNA aptamer isolated from a random oligonucleotide library, that has an affinity for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is upregulated in various cancer cells such as breast, gastric and colorectal cancer. This evidence concerns the gene EPCAM and colorectal cancer.