PHKA2 and MODY: Mutants for insulin pathway-related (Chico, Glut1), MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young) homologs (HNF4, Hex), and glycolysis genes (Hex, Pgi, Pfk, Ald, Pglym78, Eno, and Pyk) showed increased glucose levels relative to controls, ranging from 1.5-fold to 4.5-fold, but variable trehalose levels from low to high (0.7-fold to 1.6-fold) (Fig. 3d, e).