However, in conditions of brain damage such as ischemia, both elevated [K+]o and low pH exacerbate Kir4.1 channel openings in NG2-glia30,31, which in turn impairs OSP/Claudin-11 to cause a direct loss of myelin in axons, although an intrinsic mechanism of Kir4.1-OSP interaction remains unclear35. Here, CLDN11 is linked to ischemia.