The role of inflammation in CKD pathogenesis and progression has been recognized since the late 1990s, when the first provocative theory was launched, in which inflammation, via monocyte release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), the master cytokine of inflammation, was the starting point concerning the major complications and the increasing rate of mortality in patients undergoing chronic dialysis [27]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and chronic kidney disease.