Twist-1 levels in skin cancer cells determine the extent of their invasiveness, but both low Twist-1 (low E-cadherin, benign papilloma) and high Twist-1 (no E-cadherin, malignant tumor) cells showed stem cell–like behavior, indicating that stemness traits in cancer cells do not require a complete loss of the epithelial phenotype47. This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and papilloma.