Albeit PON-1 paraoxonase activity has been related to the protection from toxic metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides (and more influenced by genetic polymorphisms [37]), PON-1 arylesterase activity has been found to be strictly associated with several diseases besides LOAD, such as multiple sclerosis, vascular dementia, and CVD [15, 38, 39]. The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is vascular dementia.