After adjustment for age and gender, variables with P < 0.1 in univariate analysis (BSA, chronic pyelonephritis as primary renal disease and use of aspirin), cardiovascular risk factors (CV history, DM and hypertension) or characteristics of HD (Ultrafiltration rate, ultrafiltration volume and dialysis vintage), the association between C3d/C3 ratio at 30 min and CV-event remained significant. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is chronic pyelonephritis.