Patients with depression and animal models of depression show changes in miRNA expression (Dwivedi, 2011, 2016; Chan and Kocerha, 2012; Ma et al., 2016) as well as the levels of transcription factors, such as KLF11 and R1 (Johnson et al., 2011; Harris et al., 2015). The gene discussed is KLF11; the disease is major depressive disorder.