Oral pretreatment of glycyrrhizin inhibited HMGB1 cytosolic expression, alleviates the surgery-Induced HMGB1 upregulation in the hippocampus of the mice and attenuated the severity of post-operative memory impairment, as evidenced by the shorter swimming latency and distance in MWM trials (Chen et al., 2017a). Here, HMGB1 is linked to memory impairment.