Evaluation of anti-HMGB1 mAb therapy against TBI in rats reported that anti-HMGB1 mAb remarkably inhibited fluid percussion-induced brain edema in rats, which was associated with an inhibition of HMGB1 translocation, protection of BBB architecture, downregulation of inflammatory molecule expression, and improvement in motor function (Table 1) (Okuma et al., 2012). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is brain edema.