In an experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), HMGB1 neutralization attenuates hippocampal neuronal death and cognitive impairment where anti-HMGB1 neutralizing Ab exerts long-time positive effects on hippocampal CA1 neuronal survival and cognitive abilities in the chronic phase of CCH as well as preserves BBB integrity, and suppresses hippocampal glial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production (Hei et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Cognitive impairment.