In particular, following from our previous study in which we showed that NKX3.1 mRNA expression levels provide a read-out of NKX3.1 function in human prostate cancer patients (Dutta et al., 2017) and considering the relevance of NKX3.1 for early-stage prostate cancer (Abate-Shen et al., 2008), we segregated the low/intermediate Gleason score (Gleason 6 and 7) TCGA samples into two groups based on having ‘low’ (i.e. below the median) or ‘high’ (i.e. above the median) levels of NKX3.1 mRNA expression (n=145 per group). This evidence concerns the gene NKX3-1 and prostate cancer.