LIF and neoplasm: We demonstrate for the first time that LIF is actively secreted from OAC tumour biopsies (range: 24.61 1137.36 pg/mL) and significantly correlates with the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), VEGF-A and IL-8 (p<0.05, R=1) (p<0.05, R=0.9429) (p<0.05, R=1) respectively, (Figure 4A, 4B).