TNF and Diarrhea: They found that chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea could be attributed to alterations in the gut microbiota, resulting in increased levels of several proteins which could act as toxicity biomarkers for patients at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea, including faecal calprotectin, circulating matrix metalloproteases, NF-ҡβ, IL-1β and TNF.