For example, in some metabolic dysfunctions caused by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress and characterized by elevated endocannabinoid tone and CB1 expression (i.e., obesity, high fat diet and alcohol-induced liver steatosis/fibrosis, high fat diet-induced β-cell dysfunction, doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, high cholesterol-induced atherogenesis, etc.), CB1 inactivation reduces the infiltration of immune cells, fibrosis, and ROS production in several peripheral organs52. The gene discussed is CNR1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.