TNF and Alzheimer disease: Most notably, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β and TNF-α levels have been reported to be elevated in AD brain tissue [96,97,212,213,214], as well as in AD patients’ CSF and serum [215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222], while increased levels of metaloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-10 have also been reported in AD [223,224,225,226].