MIF and glioblastoma: However, the ability of polarizing macrophages toward a M2 phenotype is not only restricted to anti-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulated expression of the proinflammatory cytokines as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homologue D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) and their receptors have also been observed in GBM [10] and it has been proposed that MIF may represent a useful diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for the use of anti-MIF tailored inhibitors for some cases of GBM [5].