They showed a marked interconnectivity among six independent classification systems coalescing into four CMSs with distinguishing features; CMS1 (microsatellite instability-immune), covering about 14% of CRC tumors, CMS2 encompassing the canonical subtype with epithelial markers, CMS3 characterized by a metabolic dysregulation, and CMS4 with TGFβ activation, stromal invasion and angiogenesis. Here, TGFB1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.