FOXP3 and neoplasm: In the present study, we performed a quantitative analysis on infiltration of Treg cells in the NMIBC tissue and revealed a relationship between the percentage of Treg cells in the tumor tissue and the recurrence rate after TURBT of NMIBC: the high frequency of recurrent bladder cancer was observed in patients whose TURBT specimens contained a high percentage of Foxp3+CD3+ cells.