Considering the potential activation of NF-κB and PPARγ through both the action of Se at cellular level and some commensal bacteria with potential involvement in IBD pathogenesis, this trace element has an emerging role in activating several cellular types, including macrophages, Th1, Th17, as well as in microbiota modulation, with potential therapeutic approach [73, 100]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease.