TNF and infection: Furthermore, PA-specific CD8+ T cells from ABX1-treated mice produced less TNFα than cells from either water- or ABX2-treated animals (Figure 3C(ii)) and levels of IL-2 were similar to medium-only controls in all groups (Figure S4) Together, these data indicate that ABX treatment of juvenile mice prior to and during X31-infection reduced the number of lymphocytes in the lungs at day 7 p.i., including virus-specific CD8+ T cells.