This confirmed previous findings in adult mice where continued ABX treatment prior to and during the acute phase of infection with the mouse-adapted PR8 strain (Ichinohe et al., 2011; Abt et al., 2012) or X31 (Abt et al., 2012) was associated with enhanced weight loss (Abt et al., 2012), increased virus titres in lung (Ichinohe et al., 2011; Abt et al., 2012), and reduced numbers of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage, medLNs, spleen (Abt et al., 2012) and lung (Ichinohe et al., 2011; Abt et al., 2012). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is infection.