ICAM1 and myeloid sarcoma: These authors determined that membrane-bound Gal-3 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) is a target for auto-antibodies present in secondary progressive MS serum but not for healthy donors or patients with other CNS illnesses; downregulation of Gal-3 in these cells causes an increase in the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and phospho-NFκB p65, both molecules described as responsible for leukocyte leakage to the CNS (Dietrich, 2002).