TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Compared with untreated (starved) cells, IPF B-MSCs stimulated with TGF-β1 showed significant increases in maximal respiration after FCCP treatment and in the presence of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) (Fig. 6f), whereas age-matched control B-MSCs did not show significant changes upon stimulation (Fig. 6e).